Curling is called sometimes Chess on ice. Curling is a team sportgame. It is played by 2 teams of 4 players each on a rectangular rink. Shooter send heavy, polished granite stones down the ice towards the the house. Two sweepers with brooms accompany each rock and direct the stones to the target.

The aim of curling is to gain a greater number of points than the opponent team.

The Rink

The length of the rink is 45.720 m. The width is 5 m. This area is devided by lines drawn, or by dividers placed on the perimeter.

In the left and in the right of the rink there are parallel lines in the ice as follows:

• the tee line is placed so that the centre of the line is 5.487 m. from end of the rink.
• the back line is placed so that the outside edge is 1.83 m. from the centre of the tee line.
• the hog line is placed so that the inside edge is 6.401 m. from the centre of the tee line.
• A centre line joins the midpoints of the tee lines and extends 3.658 m. beyond the centre of each tee line.
• A hack line is placed parallel to the tee line, at each end of the centre line.
• A courtesy line is placed 1.219 m. outside and parallel to the hog lines, on each side of the rink.
• A centre hole (tee) is placed at the intersection of each tee line and centre line. With the tee as centre, there are four concentric circles placed at each end of the rink, with the outer edge of the outer circle having a radius of 1.829 m, the next circle a radius of 1.219 m, the next circle a radius of 0.610 m, and the innermost circle having a minimum radius of 15.24 cm.
• Two hacks are placed on the hack line, on opposite sides of the centre line, with the inside edge of each hack 7.62 cm from the midpoint of the centre line.
  

  Stones

  A curling stone has circular shape, his circumference is no greater than 91.44 cm, a height is no less than 11.43 cm, and a weight is no greater than 19.96 kg and no less than 17.24 kg.

  Each team uses a set of 8 stones with the same handle colour.

  If a stone is broken in play, a replacement stone is placed where the largest fragment came to rest.

  If a stone rolls over while in motion, or comes to rest on its side or top, it is removed from play.

  A stone that does not come to rest completely beyond the inside edge of the hog line at the playing end is removed from play immediately, except when it sticks another stone, in which case it remains in play.

  A stone that completely crosses the outside edge of the back line is removed from play immediately.

  A stone that touches a divider or a side line is removed from play immediately and is prevented from entering adjacent rinks.

  A stone may be measured only visually until the last stone of the end has come to rest, except to determine if a stone is in play, or, prior to playing the second, third, or fourth stone of an end, to determine if a stone is in the Free Guard Zone.

  Teams

  There are 4 players in a team. Each player delivers two stones, in consecutive order in each end, while alternating with an opponent.

  The free-guard (FGZ)

  The free-guard zone is between the hogline and teeline. It is illegal to remove an opponent’s stone from the FGZ before the first four stones of the end have been played, but a team can remove its own stone from the zone.

  Sweeping

  The sweeping motion is in a side-to-side direction, deposits no debris in front of a moving stone, and finishes to either side of the stone.

  A delivered stone may be swept by one or more players of the delivering team until it reaches the tee line at the playing end.

  The players of opponent team may not sweep an opponent’s stone until it reaches the tee line at the playing end.

  Behind the tee line at the playing end, only one player from each team may sweep at any one time. This maybe any player of the delivering team, but only the skip or vice-skip of the non-delivering team.

  Behind the tee line, a team has first privilege of sweeping its own stone, but it must not obstruct or prevent its opponent from sweeping.

  If a sweeping violation occurs, the non-offending team has the option of allowing the play to stand, or of placing the stone, and all stones it would have affected, where they would have come to rest had the violation not occurred.

  Touched moving stones

  Between the tee line at the delivering end and the hog line at the playing end:

  if a moving stone is touched, or is caused to be touched, by the team to which it belongs, or by its equipment, the touched stone is removed from play immediately by that team;

  if a moving stone is touched, or is caused to be touched, by an opposition team, or by its equipment, or by an external force:

  1) if the stone was the delivered stone, it is redelivered
  2) if the stone was not the delivered stone, it is placed where the team to which it belongs reasonably considers it would have come to rest had it not been touched.

  Inside the hog line at the playing end:

  if a moving stone is touched, or is caused to be touched, by the team to which it belongs, or by its equipment, all stones are allowed to come to rest, after which the non-offending team has the option to:

  1) remove the touched stone, and replace all stones that were displaced after the infraction to their original positions; or
  2) leave all stones where they came to rest; or
  3) place all stones where it reasonably considers the stones would have come to rest had the moving stone not been touched.

  if a moving stone is touched, or is caused to be touched, by an opposition team, or by its equipment, all stones are allowed to come to rest, after which the non-offending team places the stones where it reasonably considers the stones would have come to rest, had the moving stone not been touched.

  if a moving stone is touched, or is caused to be touched, by an external force, all stones are allowed to come to rest, and then placed where they would have come to rest if the incident had not occurred. If the teams cannot agree, the stone is redelivered after all displaced stones have been replaced to their original positions. If agreement on the original positions cannot be reached, the end is replayed.

  Displaced stationary stones

  If a stationary stone, which would have had no effect on the outcome of a moving stone, is displaced by a player, it is replaced in its original position by the non-offending team.

  If a stationary stone, which would have had no effect on the outcome of a moving stone, is displaced by an external force, it is replaced in its original position, with agreement of the teams.

  If a stone which would have altered the course of a moving stone is displaced by a player, all stones are allowed to come to rest and then the non-offending team has the option to:
  - leave all stones where they came to rest; or
  - remove the stone whose course would have been altered from play and replace in their original positions any stones that were displaced after the violation; or
  - reasonably place stones in the positions they would have come to rest had a stone not been displaced.

  If a stone which would have altered the course of a moving stone is displaced by an external force, all stones are allowed to come to rest, and are then placed in the positions in which they would have come to rest had a stone not been displaced. If the teams cannot agree, the stone is redelivered after all displaced stones have been replaced to their original positions. If agreement on the original positions cannot be reached, the end is replayed.

  If a displacement is caused by stones deflecting off the rink dividers, the stones are replaced to their original positions by the non-delivering team.

  Scoring

  The team who scored a majority of points at the completion of the scheduled ends of play wins. If the score is tied at the completion of the scheduled ends, play continues with extra end(s) and the team that scores first wins the game.

  At the completion of an end, a team scores one point for each of its own stones located in or touching the house that are closer to the tee than any stone of the opposition.

  The score of an end is decided when the skips or vice-skips in charge of the house agree upon the score. If stones that may have affected the points scored in an end are displaced prior to that decision, the nonoffending team receives the benefit that might have accrued from a measurement.

  When determining the score of an end, if teams cannot visually decide which stones are closer to the tee, or whether a stone is touching the house, a measuring device is used. Measurements are taken from the tee to the nearest part of the stone.

  If two or more stones are so close to the tee that it is impossible to use a measuring device, the determination is made visually.

  If a decision can not be reached, either visually or with a measuring device, the stones are considered equal, and:
  - if the measure was to determine which team scored in the end, the end is blanked;
  - if the measure was to determine additional points, only the stones closer to the tee are counted.

  Should an external force cause the displacement of stones that would have affected the score prior to agreement of the score, the following applies:
  - if the displaced stones would have determined which team scored in an end, the end is replayed.
  - if a team secured a point(s), and the displaced stone(s) would have determined if an additional point(s) was scored, that team has the option of replaying the end or of keeping the point(s) already secured.

  A team concedes a game only when it is the delivering team. When a team concedes the game before the completion of an end, the score of the end is determined at that time, and posted on the Scoreboard, except when a team is mathematically eliminated, in which case points are not counted and the end is marked with two Xs on the Scoreboard.

  If a team does not commence play at the designated time, the following takes place:
  - if the delay of the start of play is 1-15 minutes, then the nonoffending team receives one point, and will have last stone in the first end of actual play, one end is considered completed;
  - if the delay of the start of play is 15-30 minutes, then the nonoffending team receives one additional point, and last stone in the first end of actual play, two ends are considered completed.
  - if play has not started after 30 minutes, then the non-offending team is declared the winner by forfeit. A forfeited game is recorded as 1 point in the first end, 1 point in the second end and the third end is marked with Xs. The final score is recorded as 2-0.

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3. The Official Rules of Ping Pong (Table Tennis)